Active & Passive Voice

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Active voice
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
    These examples show that the subject is  doing the verb's action.
            
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.

Passive voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.
    Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
            
Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.




To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following
1.  Move  the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject  slot
             
2. Place the active sentence's subject into a  phrase beginning with the preposition by
              
3.  Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the  main verb's form
          
Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.
As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in  active voice  flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in  passive voice.
               
         
To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.
1.  Move  the passive sentence's subject into the active  sentence's  direct object slot.
             
2.  Remove  the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed
            
3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.
           
Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.
The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when
• the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence
             Examples
             
• the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action
            Examples
               
Active and passive verbs
Depending on the way in which you word a sentence, a verb can be either active or passive.
When the verb is active, the subject of the verb is doing the action, as in these examples:
France
beat Brazil in the final.
[subject]
[active verb]
More than 300 million people
speak Spanish.
[subject]
[active verb]

Jack
will take the matter forward.
[subject]
[active verb]

When the verb is passive, the subject undergoes the action rather than doing it:
Brazil
was beaten in the final.
[subject]
[passive verb]
Spanish
is spoken by more than 300 million people worldwide.
[subject]
[passive verb]

The matter
will be taken forward by Jack.
[subject]
[passive verb]

Here, the sentences’ points of view have changed: Brazil, Spanish, and the matter have become the subjects of the passive verbs were beaten, is spoken, and will be taken. In the first example, you can see that the subject of the active verb (France) does not appear in the corresponding passive version of the sentence. In the other two passive examples, the former subjects of the active verbs (more than 300 million people; Jack) are now introduced with the word ‘by’.
The person or thing in a passive sentence that does or causes something is called the agent:more than 300 million people and Jack are the agents of the second and third passive examples.

These two different ways of using verbs are known as voices. In everyday writing, the active voice is much more common than the passive. The passive tends to be used in formaldocuments such as official reports or scientific papers, often where an action or situation is regarded as more significant than who or what did or caused it:
The results were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
A fair grading system was found to be important to all students.

Passive verb forms
The passive is formed with tenses of the auxiliary verb ‘to be’ and the past participle of the main verb. Here is a table showing the passive forms for most English verbs:
Tense
Passive 
Example
present simple
am/are/is + past participle
He is taken to school by his mum.
present continuous
am/are/is being + past participle
They are being bullied.
present perfect
have/has been + past participle
Have you been interviewed for many jobs?
past simple
was/were + past participle
We were told not to touch anything.
past continuous
was/were being + past participle
Our computers were being attacked by hackers.
past perfect
had been + past participle
His mother had been brought up in India.
future
will be + past participle
Arrangements will be made to move them to other locations.
future perfect
will have been + past participle
All the merchandise will have been shipped by tomorrow.

Sentences in Active and Passive Voice
The homeowners remodeled the house to help it sell. (active)
The house was remodeled by the homeowners to help it sell. (passive)
The team will celebrate their victory tomorrow. (active)
The victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow. (passive)
The saltwater eventually corroded the metal beams. (active)
The metal beams were eventually corroded by the saltwater. (passive)
The kangaroo carried her baby in her pouch. (active)
The baby was carried by the kangaroo in her pouch. (passive)
Some people raise sugar cane in Hawaii. (active)
Sugar cane is raised by some people in Hawaii. (passive)

Source:
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-active-and-passive-voice.html


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